Unanswered questions in ion-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence

Ion temperature gradient driven turbulence with strong trapped ion resonance

Electron temperature gradient driven turbulence*

Collisionless electron-temperature-gradient-driven ~ETG! turbulence in toroidal geometry is studied via nonlinear numerical simulations. To this aim, two massively parallel, fully gyrokinetic Vlasov codes are used, both including electromagnetic effects. Somewhat surprisingly, and unlike in the analogous case of ion-temperature-gradient-driven ~ITG! turbulence, we find that the turbulent electr...

Global gyrokinetic simulation of ion temperature gradient driven turbulence in plasmas with canonical Maxwellian distribution

A global gyrokinetic toroidal particle code for a 3D nonlinear simulation (GT3D) has been developed to study the ion temperature gradient driven-trapped electron mode (ITG-TEM) turbulence in reactor relevant tokamak parameters [1]. In GT3D, gyrokinetic ions and drift-kinetic (trapped) electrons are solved using a finite-element PIC method. The code uses a new δf method based on a canonical Maxw...

Impurity transport driven by ion temperature gradient turbulence in tokamak plasmas

Impurity transport driven by electrostatic turbulence is analyzed in weaklycollisional tokamak plasmas using a semi-analytical model based on a boundary-layer solution of the gyrokinetic equation. Analytical expressions for the perturbed density responses are derived and used to determine the stability boundaries and the quasilinear particle fluxes. For moderate impurity charge number Z, the st...

Critically balanced ion temperature gradient turbulence in fusion plasmas.

Scaling laws for ion temperature gradient driven turbulence in magnetized toroidal plasmas are derived and compared with direct numerical simulations. Predicted dependences of turbulence fluctuation amplitudes, spatial scales, and resulting heat fluxes on temperature gradient and magnetic field line pitch are found to agree with numerical results in both the driving and inertial ranges. Evidenc...